![]() Rice producers are already now amongst the most vulnerable for the impact of climate change: drought, floods, high temperatures and raising sea levels are direct threats to their livelihoods. This massive water use reduces freshwater availability for human consumption, aquatic ecosystems and other uses, contributing to increasing frequency and severity of water conflicts. Farmers in Java typically use an irrigated lowland production system which takes, on average, more than 1,400 litres of water to produce just 1kg of rice. It is estimated growing rice uses between 30-40% of the world’s irrigation water. Aside that, rice production uses a large amount of fresh water and inappropriate practices involving chemical inputs that damage the soil and water, as well as the health of farmers. Rice cultivation releases greenhouse gas emissions and rice straws are traditionally burned in paddy fields post-harvest, creating extreme air pollution. However, producing this popular food comes with a high price for the climate and environment. Nearly 60% of the country’s total rice production comes from Java alone. ![]() Over in Indonesia, rice is one of the most important agricultural crops. ![]() Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world’s population.
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